July 28, 2017

 

Antibiotic insight presented by Aussie university researchers may help battle AMR

 

 

An Australian university said that its researchers, as part of an international collaboration, have identified a key part of the process by which a common clinical antibiotic is formed--a finding that could potentially pave the way for novel compounds to tackle the problem of antimicrobial resistance.

 

Bacteria or "superbugs" that have adapted to resist multiple antibiotics have become prevalent in meat supplies.

 

The results of the study by Monash University were published in Chemical Science earlier this month.

 

The scientists, led by Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute's (BDI) Associate Prof. Max Cryle and Dr Evi Stegmann from the University of Tuebingen, Germany, investigated what are called glycopeptide antibiotics including vancomycin, a drug used as a last resort in treating the dangerous Staphylococcus aureus or "Golden Staph". 

 

Vancomycin is produced naturally by bacteria, biosynthesised by a long "assembly line" process during which various amino acids are linked to form the peptide involved, Associate Professor Cryle said.

 

"It's the biosynthesis that produces the compounds we use in the clinic, so to make new compounds we need to understand exactly how this process works", he said.

 

"Understanding the details within this process is challenging--this is what's really held the field back", he added.

 

Halogenation

 

The researchers have identified the point in the assembly line at which a process called halogenation occurs. Halogenation, in this case incorporating the chlorine atom, plays a significant role in the activity of glycopeptide antibiotics. Knowing when and where this occurs means that scientists can manipulate this part of the process and, therefore, the antibiotic end product.

 

"This means that we can potentially start to make modified compounds, which is exciting," Associate Prof. Cryle said.

 

Moreover, while vancomycin was used in this case, the finding may apply to other types of antibiotics.

 

"There are a lot of both existing and new antibiotics that are peptide-based and that are made by the same machinery, so finding out how this works in our system means we can take that knowledge and apply it to all those compounds," he said.

 

The highly challenging research was conducted in vitro at Monash BDI and validated in bacteria in Germany. It took more than three years to establish the tools required to conduct it.

 

The researchers are now working on ways to re-engineer vancomycin-type antibiotics.