February 8, 2012
Danish scientists focus on surrogate hens in poultry production
Commercial egg producers can promote better animal welfare and reduce energy by using surrogate hens to raise chickens, according to Danish researchers.
In a new research project at Aarhus University, chicks will have a new companion in the chicken house in the form of artificial brooders. The experiment will look into whether the use of surrogate hens for raising chickens can improve animal welfare and be made into another green growth initiative.
"Our hypothesis is that the surrogate hens reduce the incidence of feather pecking, cannibalism and crowding. If we can verify this hypothesis, we can use them instead of the traditional form of heating in the chicken house to create green growth", says Anja Brinch Riber, a scientist at Aarhus University.
Riber has received funds to carry out a project where she will be developing the artificial brooders with MHJ Agroteknik A/S and Knowledge Centre for Agriculture and testing them on flocks of chicks in a rearing house. She will subsequently follow the condition of the laying hens at egg producer, Hans Rauff Hansen.
The background for the experiment is that the chicks need extra warmth to survive during the first four weeks of their life. Under natural conditions they get this warmth from underneath their mother. As this is not possible in chicken houses, the producers instead choose to heat the houses, and this uses a lot of energy.
An alternative could be surrogate hens consisting of water-heated hotplates that the chicks can seek the warmth they need underneath. The plates also appear to have a positive effect on welfare problems in the layer houses.
"Hotplates are currently only used by hobby farmers. They are electric and are to a certain extent experimental. They have not yet been tested and developed for use on commercial farms. That is what we intend to do with this project", says Anja Brinch Riber.
The surrogate hens will initially be developed and will use hot water for heating so that the existing sources of energy in the chicken houses can be used. They will subsequently be tested in an experimental facility with a view to tailoring the design to the needs of the chicks. They will lastly be used at flock level to test and document their effect for commercial use.
If the surrogate hen works according to plan, the temperature in the broiler houses can be reduced to 20 - 22°C, which will give considerable savings on the heating bill. In addition to this saving, Riber also expects that the surrogates will have a positive effect on three of the most problematic areas in poultry farming: feather pecking, cannibalism and crowding.
The three-year project has received DKK2.4 million (US$4.2 million) from the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Green Development and Demonstration Programme (GUDP). It is a joint collaboration between Aarhus University, MHJ Agroteknik A/S, Knowledge Centre for Agriculture and Poultry and commercial egg producer, Hans Rauff Hansen.
