December 6, 2024

EFSA study highlights multi-pronged approach needed to control ASF

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has released new findings on strategies to control the spread of African swine fever (ASF).

The report underscores the need to combine fencing with other measures for maximum effectiveness. It also identifies potential areas for further research, including the role of insects in spreading the virus.

Fences can play a role in controlling ASF among wild boar populations when used alongside culling, carcass removal, and existing road infrastructure. However, their success relies on timely implementation, adaptability to changing epidemiological conditions, and ongoing maintenance. Natural barriers such as large rivers or urban areas also contribute to limiting wild boar movement.

While wild boar density is a factor in the virus's spread, EFSA's analysis did not find consistent evidence of a clear effect. Factors such as habitat, climate, and natural barriers also influence the spread, but further data is required for a more comprehensive understanding.

The report evaluated the potential of immunocontraception as a means of reducing wild boar populations. Experts emphasised the need for additional research to develop a safe and effective oral vaccine, considering long-term environmental impacts.

Insect vectors, including ticks and biting flies, were also explored as potential virus carriers. Ticks have not been identified as contributors to ASF transmission in the EU over the past decade, but the role of biting flies remains uncertain. Further investigation is necessary to clarify their involvement.

For domestic pigs, the report highlights the importance of strict biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction of ASF on farms. Recommendations include safely storing bedding materials, using insect nets, and avoiding manure spread from nearby farms in areas where ASF is present.

EFSA continues to identify risk factors and protective measures for ASF in both domestic pigs and wild boar. The ongoing monitoring and analysis aim to inform coordinated efforts across Europe to combat the virus effectively.

-      European Food Safety Authority